diff --git a/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml b/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml
index 1f0463c9ca021f..0e8ffd59eff14e 100644
--- a/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml
+++ b/.github/actions/setup/directories/action.yml
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ runs:
         path: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}
         fetch-depth: ${{ inputs.fetch-depth }}
 
-    - uses: actions/cache@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+    - uses: actions/cache@8b402f58fbc84540c8b491a91e594a4576fec3d7 # v5.0.2
       with:
         path: ${{ inputs.srcdir }}/.downloaded-cache
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ runner.arch }}-downloaded-cache
diff --git a/lib/prism/parse_result.rb b/lib/prism/parse_result.rb
index 3570af136a4fb7..12d19da5629a76 100644
--- a/lib/prism/parse_result.rb
+++ b/lib/prism/parse_result.rb
@@ -76,6 +76,15 @@ def slice(byte_offset, length)
       source.byteslice(byte_offset, length) or raise
     end
 
+    # Converts the line number to a byte offset corresponding to the start of that line
+    def line_to_byte_offset(line)
+      l = line - @start_line
+      if l < 0 || l >= offsets.size
+        raise ArgumentError, "line #{line} is out of range"
+      end
+      offsets[l]
+    end
+
     # Binary search through the offsets to find the line number for the given
     # byte offset.
     def line(byte_offset)
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb b/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
index 93503d2b69915d..942b75fba172d3 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/commands/pristine_command.rb
@@ -88,6 +88,10 @@ def description # :nodoc:
 will revert them.  All extensions are rebuilt and all bin stubs for the gem
 are regenerated after checking for modifications.
 
+Rebuilding extensions also refreshes C-extension gems against updated system
+libraries (for example after OS or package upgrades) to avoid mismatches like
+outdated library version warnings.
+
 If the cached gem cannot be found it will be downloaded.
 
 If --no-extensions is provided pristine will not attempt to restore a gem
diff --git a/lib/rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer.rb b/lib/rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer.rb
index ea592407eb015c..32767c6a79081d 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer.rb
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ def self.open(file_name)
       flags |= File::SHARE_DELETE if defined?(File::SHARE_DELETE)
 
       File.open(tmp_path, flags) do |temp_file|
+        temp_file.binmode
         if old_stat
           # Set correct permissions on new file
           begin
diff --git a/prism/config.yml b/prism/config.yml
index 5e29d6fa181c34..4e5b077a351ff1 100644
--- a/prism/config.yml
+++ b/prism/config.yml
@@ -1269,17 +1269,17 @@ nodes:
       - name: opening_loc
         type: location
         comment: |
-          Represents the location of the opening `|`.
+          Represents the location of the opening `{` or `do`.
 
               [1, 2, 3].each { |i| puts x }
-                               ^
+                             ^
       - name: closing_loc
         type: location
         comment: |
-          Represents the location of the closing `|`.
+          Represents the location of the closing `}` or `end`.
 
               [1, 2, 3].each { |i| puts x }
-                                 ^
+                                          ^
     comment: |
       Represents a block of ruby code.
 
diff --git a/prism/templates/lib/prism/node.rb.erb b/prism/templates/lib/prism/node.rb.erb
index 066a0cea1b508f..8225bfb328e8da 100644
--- a/prism/templates/lib/prism/node.rb.erb
+++ b/prism/templates/lib/prism/node.rb.erb
@@ -184,24 +184,13 @@ module Prism
       queue = [self] #: Array[Prism::node]
       result = [] #: Array[Prism::node]
 
+      search_offset = source.line_to_byte_offset(line) + column
+
       while (node = queue.shift)
         result << node
 
         node.each_child_node do |child_node|
-          child_location = child_node.location
-
-          start_line = child_location.start_line
-          end_line = child_location.end_line
-
-          if start_line == end_line
-            if line == start_line && column >= child_location.start_column && column < child_location.end_column
-              queue << child_node
-              break
-            end
-          elsif (line == start_line && column >= child_location.start_column) || (line == end_line && column < child_location.end_column)
-            queue << child_node
-            break
-          elsif line > start_line && line < end_line
+          if child_node.start_offset <= search_offset && search_offset < child_node.end_offset
             queue << child_node
             break
           end
diff --git a/test/prism/lex_test.rb b/test/prism/lex_test.rb
index 68e47a096408cd..ea4606d2fb6251 100644
--- a/test/prism/lex_test.rb
+++ b/test/prism/lex_test.rb
@@ -6,43 +6,6 @@
 
 module Prism
   class LexTest < TestCase
-    except = [
-      # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21756
-      "spanning_heredoc.txt",
-      # Prism emits a single string in some cases when ripper splits them up
-      "whitequark/dedenting_heredoc.txt",
-      "heredocs_with_fake_newlines.txt",
-      # Prism emits BEG for `on_regexp_end`
-      "spanning_heredoc_newlines.txt",
-    ]
-
-    if RUBY_VERSION < "3.3.0"
-      # This file has changed behavior in Ripper in Ruby 3.3, so we skip it if
-      # we're on an earlier version.
-      except << "seattlerb/pct_w_heredoc_interp_nested.txt"
-
-      # Ruby < 3.3.0 cannot parse heredocs where there are leading whitespace
-      # characters in the heredoc start.
-      # Example: <<~'   EOF' or <<-'  EOF'
-      # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19539
-      except << "heredocs_leading_whitespace.txt"
-      except << "whitequark/ruby_bug_19539.txt"
-
-      # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19025
-      except << "whitequark/numparam_ruby_bug_19025.txt"
-      # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/18878
-      except << "whitequark/ruby_bug_18878.txt"
-      # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/19281
-      except << "whitequark/ruby_bug_19281.txt"
-    end
-
-    # https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/21168#note-5
-    except << "command_method_call_2.txt"
-
-    Fixture.each_for_current_ruby(except: except) do |fixture|
-      define_method(fixture.test_name) { assert_lex(fixture) }
-    end
-
     def test_lex_file
       assert_nothing_raised do
         Prism.lex_file(__FILE__)
@@ -83,16 +46,11 @@ def test_parse_lex_file
       end
     end
 
-    private
-
-    def assert_lex(fixture)
-      source = fixture.read
-
-      result = Prism.lex_compat(source, version: "current")
-      assert_equal [], result.errors
-
-      Prism.lex_ripper(source).zip(result.value).each do |(ripper, prism)|
-        assert_equal ripper, prism
+    if RUBY_VERSION >= "3.3"
+      def test_lex_compare
+        prism = Prism.lex_compat(File.read(__FILE__), version: "current").value
+        ripper = Prism.lex_ripper(File.read(__FILE__))
+        assert_equal(ripper, prism)
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/test/prism/ruby/source_test.rb b/test/prism/ruby/source_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..afd2825765f7e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/prism/ruby/source_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "../test_helper"
+
+module Prism
+  class SourceTest < TestCase
+    def test_line_to_byte_offset
+      parse_result = Prism.parse(<<~SRC)
+      abcd
+      efgh
+      ijkl
+      SRC
+      source = parse_result.source
+
+      assert_equal 0, source.line_to_byte_offset(1)
+      assert_equal 5, source.line_to_byte_offset(2)
+      assert_equal 10, source.line_to_byte_offset(3)
+      assert_equal 15, source.line_to_byte_offset(4)
+      e = assert_raise(ArgumentError) { source.line_to_byte_offset(5) }
+      assert_equal "line 5 is out of range", e.message
+      e = assert_raise(ArgumentError) { source.line_to_byte_offset(0) }
+      assert_equal "line 0 is out of range", e.message
+      e = assert_raise(ArgumentError) { source.line_to_byte_offset(-1) }
+      assert_equal "line -1 is out of range", e.message
+    end
+
+    def test_line_to_byte_offset_with_start_line
+      parse_result = Prism.parse(<<~SRC, line: 11)
+      abcd
+      efgh
+      ijkl
+      SRC
+      source = parse_result.source
+
+      assert_equal 0, source.line_to_byte_offset(11)
+      assert_equal 5, source.line_to_byte_offset(12)
+      assert_equal 10, source.line_to_byte_offset(13)
+      assert_equal 15, source.line_to_byte_offset(14)
+      e = assert_raise(ArgumentError) { source.line_to_byte_offset(15) }
+      assert_equal "line 15 is out of range", e.message
+      e = assert_raise(ArgumentError) { source.line_to_byte_offset(10) }
+      assert_equal "line 10 is out of range", e.message
+      e = assert_raise(ArgumentError) { source.line_to_byte_offset(9) }
+      assert_equal "line 9 is out of range", e.message
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/rubygems/test_gem_util_atomic_file_writer.rb b/test/rubygems/test_gem_util_atomic_file_writer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e011a38ad42a04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rubygems/test_gem_util_atomic_file_writer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require_relative "helper"
+require "rubygems/util/atomic_file_writer"
+
+class TestGemUtilAtomicFileWriter < Gem::TestCase
+  def test_external_encoding
+    Gem::AtomicFileWriter.open(File.join(@tempdir, "test.txt")) do |file|
+      assert_equal(Encoding::ASCII_8BIT, file.external_encoding)
+    end
+  end
+end