fix(sortOrder): initial ordering must be deterministic

apps/sim/app/api/workflows/route.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
 import { workflow } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
-import { and, eq, isNull, max } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { and, asc, eq, isNull, min } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from 'next/server'
 import { z } from 'zod'
 import { getSession } from '@/lib/auth'
@@ -64,10 +64,20 @@ export async function GET(request: Request) {
 
     let workflows
 
+    const orderByClause = [asc(workflow.sortOrder), asc(workflow.createdAt), asc(workflow.id)]
+
     if (workspaceId) {
-      workflows = await db.select().from(workflow).where(eq(workflow.workspaceId, workspaceId))
+      workflows = await db
+        .select()
+        .from(workflow)
+        .where(eq(workflow.workspaceId, workspaceId))
+        .orderBy(...orderByClause)
     } else {
-      workflows = await db.select().from(workflow).where(eq(workflow.userId, userId))
+      workflows = await db
+        .select()
+        .from(workflow)
+        .where(eq(workflow.userId, userId))
+        .orderBy(...orderByClause)
     }
 
     return NextResponse.json({ data: workflows }, { status: 200 })
@@ -140,15 +150,15 @@ export async function POST(req: NextRequest) {
       sortOrder = providedSortOrder
     } else {
       const folderCondition = folderId ? eq(workflow.folderId, folderId) : isNull(workflow.folderId)
-      const [maxResult] = await db
-        .select({ maxOrder: max(workflow.sortOrder) })
+      const [minResult] = await db
+        .select({ minOrder: min(workflow.sortOrder) })
         .from(workflow)
         .where(
           workspaceId
             ? and(eq(workflow.workspaceId, workspaceId), folderCondition)
             : and(eq(workflow.userId, session.user.id), folderCondition)
         )
-      sortOrder = (maxResult?.maxOrder ?? -1) + 1
+      sortOrder = (minResult?.minOrder ?? 1) - 1
     }
 
     await db.insert(workflow).values({

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/components/workflow-list/workflow-list.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,17 @@ const TREE_SPACING = {
   INDENT_PER_LEVEL: 20,
 } as const
 
+function compareByOrder<T extends { sortOrder: number; createdAt?: Date; id: string }>(
+  a: T,
+  b: T
+): number {
+  if (a.sortOrder !== b.sortOrder) return a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder
+  const timeA = a.createdAt?.getTime() ?? 0
+  const timeB = b.createdAt?.getTime() ?? 0
+  if (timeA !== timeB) return timeA - timeB
+  return a.id.localeCompare(b.id)
+}
+
 interface WorkflowListProps {
   regularWorkflows: WorkflowMetadata[]
   isLoading?: boolean
@@ -97,7 +108,7 @@ export function WorkflowList({
       {} as Record<string, WorkflowMetadata[]>
     )
     for (const folderId of Object.keys(grouped)) {
-      grouped[folderId].sort((a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder)
+      grouped[folderId].sort(compareByOrder)
     }
     return grouped
   }, [regularWorkflows])
@@ -208,13 +219,15 @@ export function WorkflowList({
         type: 'folder' | 'workflow'
         id: string
         sortOrder: number
+        createdAt?: Date
         data: FolderTreeNode | WorkflowMetadata
       }> = []
       for (const childFolder of folder.children) {
         childItems.push({
           type: 'folder',
           id: childFolder.id,
           sortOrder: childFolder.sortOrder,
+          createdAt: childFolder.createdAt,
           data: childFolder,
         })
       }
@@ -223,10 +236,11 @@ export function WorkflowList({
           type: 'workflow',
           id: workflow.id,
           sortOrder: workflow.sortOrder,
+          createdAt: workflow.createdAt,
           data: workflow,
         })
       }
-      childItems.sort((a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder)
+      childItems.sort(compareByOrder)
 
       return (
         <div key={folder.id} className='relative'>
@@ -294,20 +308,28 @@ export function WorkflowList({
       type: 'folder' | 'workflow'
       id: string
       sortOrder: number
+      createdAt?: Date
       data: FolderTreeNode | WorkflowMetadata
     }> = []
     for (const folder of folderTree) {
-      items.push({ type: 'folder', id: folder.id, sortOrder: folder.sortOrder, data: folder })
+      items.push({
+        type: 'folder',
+        id: folder.id,
+        sortOrder: folder.sortOrder,
+        createdAt: folder.createdAt,
+        data: folder,
+      })
     }
     for (const workflow of rootWorkflows) {
       items.push({
         type: 'workflow',
         id: workflow.id,
         sortOrder: workflow.sortOrder,
+        createdAt: workflow.createdAt,
         data: workflow,
       })
     }
-    return items.sort((a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder)
+    return items.sort(compareByOrder)
   }, [folderTree, rootWorkflows])
 
   const hasRootItems = rootItems.length > 0

apps/sim/app/workspace/[workspaceId]/w/components/sidebar/hooks/use-drag-drop.ts

@@ -133,7 +133,20 @@ export function useDragDrop() {
     []
   )
 
-  type SiblingItem = { type: 'folder' | 'workflow'; id: string; sortOrder: number }
+  type SiblingItem = {
+    type: 'folder' | 'workflow'
+    id: string
+    sortOrder: number
+    createdAt: Date
+  }
+
+  const compareSiblingItems = (a: SiblingItem, b: SiblingItem): number => {
+    if (a.sortOrder !== b.sortOrder) return a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder
+    const timeA = a.createdAt.getTime()
+    const timeB = b.createdAt.getTime()
+    if (timeA !== timeB) return timeA - timeB
+    return a.id.localeCompare(b.id)
+  }
 
   const getDestinationFolderId = useCallback((indicator: DropIndicator): string | null => {
     return indicator.position === 'inside'
@@ -202,11 +215,21 @@ export function useDragDrop() {
     return [
       ...Object.values(currentFolders)
         .filter((f) => f.parentId === folderId)
-        .map((f) => ({ type: 'folder' as const, id: f.id, sortOrder: f.sortOrder })),
+        .map((f) => ({
+          type: 'folder' as const,
+          id: f.id,
+          sortOrder: f.sortOrder,
+          createdAt: f.createdAt,
+        })),
       ...Object.values(currentWorkflows)
         .filter((w) => w.folderId === folderId)
-        .map((w) => ({ type: 'workflow' as const, id: w.id, sortOrder: w.sortOrder })),
-    ].sort((a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder)
+        .map((w) => ({
+          type: 'workflow' as const,
+          id: w.id,
+          sortOrder: w.sortOrder,
+          createdAt: w.createdAt,
+        })),
+    ].sort(compareSiblingItems)
   }, [])
 
   const setNormalizedDropIndicator = useCallback(
@@ -299,8 +322,9 @@ export function useDragDrop() {
             type: 'workflow' as const,
             id,
             sortOrder: currentWorkflows[id]?.sortOrder ?? 0,
+            createdAt: currentWorkflows[id]?.createdAt ?? new Date(),
           }))
-          .sort((a, b) => a.sortOrder - b.sortOrder)
+          .sort(compareSiblingItems)
 
         const insertAt = calculateInsertIndex(remaining, indicator)
 
@@ -369,7 +393,12 @@ export function useDragDrop() {
 
         const newOrder: SiblingItem[] = [
           ...remaining.slice(0, insertAt),
-          { type: 'folder', id: draggedFolderId, sortOrder: 0 },
+          {
+            type: 'folder',
+            id: draggedFolderId,
+            sortOrder: 0,
+            createdAt: draggedFolder?.createdAt ?? new Date(),
+          },
           ...remaining.slice(insertAt),
         ]
 

apps/sim/hooks/queries/workflows.ts

@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ export function useCreateWorkflow() {
         const workflowsInFolder = Object.values(currentWorkflows).filter(
           (w) => w.folderId === targetFolderId
         )
-        sortOrder = workflowsInFolder.reduce((max, w) => Math.max(max, w.sortOrder ?? 0), -1) + 1
+        sortOrder = workflowsInFolder.reduce((min, w) => Math.min(min, w.sortOrder ?? 0), 1) - 1
       }
 
       return {
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ export function useDuplicateWorkflowMutation() {
       const workflowsInFolder = Object.values(currentWorkflows).filter(
         (w) => w.folderId === targetFolderId
       )
-      const maxSortOrder = workflowsInFolder.reduce((max, w) => Math.max(max, w.sortOrder ?? 0), -1)
+      const minSortOrder = workflowsInFolder.reduce((min, w) => Math.min(min, w.sortOrder ?? 0), 1)
 
       return {
         id: tempId,
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ export function useDuplicateWorkflowMutation() {
         color: variables.color,
         workspaceId: variables.workspaceId,
         folderId: targetFolderId,
-        sortOrder: maxSortOrder + 1,
+        sortOrder: minSortOrder - 1,
       }
     }
   )

apps/sim/lib/workflows/persistence/duplicate.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { db } from '@sim/db'
 import { workflow, workflowBlocks, workflowEdges, workflowSubflows } from '@sim/db/schema'
 import { createLogger } from '@sim/logger'
-import { eq } from 'drizzle-orm'
+import { and, eq, isNull, min } from 'drizzle-orm'
 import { getUserEntityPermissions } from '@/lib/workspaces/permissions/utils'
 import type { Variable } from '@/stores/panel/variables/types'
 import type { LoopConfig, ParallelConfig } from '@/stores/workflows/workflow/types'
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ interface DuplicateWorkflowResult {
   color: string
   workspaceId: string
   folderId: string | null
+  sortOrder: number
   blocksCount: number
   edgesCount: number
   subflowsCount: number
@@ -88,12 +89,29 @@ export async function duplicateWorkflow(
       throw new Error('Source workflow not found or access denied')
     }
 
+    const targetWorkspaceId = workspaceId || source.workspaceId
+    const targetFolderId = folderId !== undefined ? folderId : source.folderId
+    const folderCondition = targetFolderId
+      ? eq(workflow.folderId, targetFolderId)
+      : isNull(workflow.folderId)
+
+    const [minResult] = await tx
+      .select({ minOrder: min(workflow.sortOrder) })
+      .from(workflow)
+      .where(
+        targetWorkspaceId
+          ? and(eq(workflow.workspaceId, targetWorkspaceId), folderCondition)
+          : and(eq(workflow.userId, userId), folderCondition)
+      )
+    const sortOrder = (minResult?.minOrder ?? 1) - 1
+
     // Create the new workflow first (required for foreign key constraints)
     await tx.insert(workflow).values({
       id: newWorkflowId,
       userId,
-      workspaceId: workspaceId || source.workspaceId,
-      folderId: folderId !== undefined ? folderId : source.folderId,
+      workspaceId: targetWorkspaceId,
+      folderId: targetFolderId,
+      sortOrder,
       name,
       description: description || source.description,
       color: color || source.color,
@@ -286,7 +304,8 @@ export async function duplicateWorkflow(
       description: description || source.description,
       color: color || source.color,
       workspaceId: finalWorkspaceId,
-      folderId: folderId !== undefined ? folderId : source.folderId,
+      folderId: targetFolderId,
+      sortOrder,
       blocksCount: sourceBlocks.length,
       edgesCount: sourceEdges.length,
       subflowsCount: sourceSubflows.length,